දඩුමොණරය Vimanas (Flying Machines)-01
Vimanas – King Ravana
Ancient Flying Matchiens
Some Puranic accounts of Air-Chariots
The Arthasastra of Kautilya (c. 3rd century B.C.) mentions amongst various tradesmen and
technocrats the Saubhikas as ' pilots conducting vehicles in the sky'. Saubha was
the name of the aerial flying city of King Harish chandra and the form
'Saubika' means 'one who flies or knows the art of flying an aerial city.'
Kautilya uses another significant word 'Akasa Yodhinah', which has been
translated as 'persons who are trained to fight from the sky.' The existence of
aerial chariots, in whatever form it might be, was so well-known that it found
a place among the royal edicts of the Emperor Asoka which were executed during
his reign from 256 B.C. - 237 B. C. The Vaimanika Shastra (Hindi edn)
refers to about 97 works and authorities of yore of which at least 20 works
deal with the mechanism of aerial Flying Machine, but none of these works is
now traceable. TheYuktikalpataru of Bhoja includes a reference to aerial cars in
verses 48-50 and a manuscript of the work belonging to the Calcutta Sanskrit Collegedated
at 1870 A.D. We are thus in possession of some manuscript material and from the
above it appears that there were Vimanas or aircrafts in ancient India and they
followed the route over the western sea i.e. Arabian Sea - Africa - Atlantic
ocean - Latin America/Mexico, this being the shortest route. Some ships also
might have followed this route, but most of the cargo ships, however, had to
follow the longer route over the Pacific ovean via Indonesia - Polynesia - Latin
America/Mexico because of the favorable trade winds and the equatorial currents
which made the navigation easier.
And if the
ancient Indians could perhaps boast of some form of air travel the Nazca lines of Peruacquire an added significance. Not only the scriptural references of
aircrafts and the routes of navigation, even some base landing sites might have
possibly been found in the tangled outlines and figures in the Pampas of Nazca.
Maria Reiche, a German scientist, through her life-long dedication studied
these seriously, preserved them from destruction and publicised them before the
world. The huge figures which are visible from the sky might have helped the
ancient pilots (Sauvikas) of India to land in Peru .
(For more information
please refer to Chapters on Pacific,Suvarnabhumi, War in Ancient
India, Hindu Scriptures andSeafaring in
Ancient India).
(Artwork courtesy of The
Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, Inc.www.krishna.com).
The Nazca lines of Peru seem to be
landing signal for the air chariots of pre-Colobian times. There are several
references in Sanskrit texts about the Indian Vimanas carrying kings and
dignitaries to pataldesa. Ramayana describes Ravana's flight from Varunalaya
(Borneo) to Rasatala (Peru).
Prof. D. K. Kanjilal analyses the legend of the Matsya
Purana (chapters 129) in his Vimana in Ancient India in the
following words:
"Behind the veil of legend and scientific truth comes out that three
flying-cities were made for and were used by the demons. Of these three, one
was in a stationary orbit in the sky, another moving in the sky and one was
permanently stationed in the ground. These were docked like modern spaceships
in the sky at particular time and at fixed latitude/longitudes. Siva's arrow
obviously referred to a blazing missile fired from a flying satellite specially
built for the purpose and the brunt spaceship fell in theIndian ocean. Vestiges
of onetime prosperous civilization destroyed in battles only flicker through
these legends.
These references sharply point to the use of some kind of aerial flying
vehicles known as Vimana apart from mechanical contrivances, armoured cars,
various types of missiles etc. These references sounding queer and unscientific
even in recent past have been approximated to the present-day technology
through the innovation of highly sophisticated weapons and of the
space-satellites like Mariner, Vostok, Soyuz, Aryabhatta etc. These facts
require more than a passing notice.
The flying vehicles were firstly
designated Ratha (vehicle or carriage) in the Rig Veda.
Vimanas
possessed a very high speed. This aerial vehicle was triangular, large, 3-tier
uneven and was piloted by at least three persons (tribandhura). It has three
wheels which were probably withdrawn during aerial flight. In one verse the
chariot is said to have three columns. It was generally made of anyone of the
three kinds of metals, gold, silver or iron but the metal which usually went
into its make up according to the Vedic text was gold. It looked beautiful.
Long nails or rivets were attached to it. The chariot had three types of fuel.
Possessing very fast speed, it moved like a bird in the sky soaring towards the
Sun and the Moon and used to come down to the earth with great sound.
(source: The Indians And The Amerindians - By Dr. S. Chakravartip.141-146). Also Refer to Vymanika Shashtra - Aeronautical Society of India.
References
from Ancient Literature
According to Professor Dileep Kumar Kanjilal in his book, Vimana in
Ancient India:
In addition to the Vaimanika Shashtra, the Samarangana Sutradhara and the
Yuktikalpataru of Bhoja, there are about 150 verses of the Rig Veda, Yajurveda
and the Atharvaveda, a lot of literary passages belonging to the Ramayana, the
Mahabharata, the Puranas, the Bhagavata and the Raghuvamsa and some references
of the darma Abhijnanasakuntalam of Kalidasa, the Abimaraka of Bhasa, the
Jatalas. the Avadhana Literature and of the Kathasaritsagara and a number of
literary works contained
either references to graphic aerial flight or to the mechanism of theaerial
vehicles used in old ages in India.
In the
Ramayana both the words "Vimana" and "Ratha" have been used:
· Kamagam ratham
asthaya...nadanadipatim (3. 35. 6-7). He boarded the aerial vehicle with Khara
which was decorated with jewels and the faces of demons and it moved with noise
resembling the sonorous clouds.
· You may go to your
desired place after enticing Sita and I shall bring her to Lanka by air.. So
Ravana and Maricha boarded the aerial vehicle resembling a palace (Vimana) from
that hermitage.
· Then the demoness brought
the Puspaka aerial vehicle and placed Sita on it by bringing her from the
Ashoka forest and she was made to see the battle field with Trijata.
· This aerial vehicle
marked with Swan soared into the sky with loud noise.Reference to Flying
vehicles as Vimana occur in the Mahabharata in about 41 places of which the air
attack of Salva on Krisna's capital Dwaraka deserve special notice. The Asura king Salva had an aerial
flying machine known as Saubha-pura in which he came to attack Dwaraka. He
began to shower hails, and missiles from the sky. As Krishna chased him he went near the sea and landed in the high seas.
Then he came back again with his flying machine and gave a tough fight to Krishna staying about one Krosa (about 4,000 ft) above the ground
level. Krishna at last threw a powerful ground-to-air weapon which hit the
plane in the middle and broke it into pieces. The damaged flying machine fell
into the seas. This vivid description of theair attack occurs in the Bhagavata
also. We also come across the following references to missiles, armaments,
sophisticated war-machines and mechanical contrivances as well as to Vimanas in
Mahabharata.
For more on Ramayana, refer to chapters Glimpses XIX, Hindu Scriptu
res, Dwaraka, War in Ancient
India, Survarnabhumi and Sacred Angkor.
The inscriptions of
emperor Asoka are by far the most authentic records in support of the existence
of aerial flying vehicles which are mentioned as Vimana. The existence of aerial
chariots in whatever form it might be was so well-known that it found a place
among the royal edicts of the Emperor Asoka which were executed during his
reign from 256 B.C.- 237 B.C.
Vatsyana in his Kama
Sutra referred to mechanical contrivances in their origin among 64 ancilliary
Sciences.
The Arthasastra of Kautilya (3rd century B.C), a treatise mainly dealing with political
economy but containing information on kindred scientific topics refers to a
class of mechanic known as Saubhika..."
discussion regarding the existence of and the use of flying vehicles in
ancient India naturally
waits for an advanced state of knowledge in cosmogony. A close and careful
study of the Vedic literature shows that it was not just a collection of
primeval poetry but a varied literature of a powerful and dynamic society where
the people had the knowledge of cloud and vapor, of the season and of the
monsoon, of the different types of wind, of the expanse of the sky, of the
strength of the wind blowing at high speed and so on. Three types of cloud have
been referred to in the Rig Veda (1.101.4). which also states that smoke and
vapor surcharged with water turn into cloud. Formation of vapor through heat
and the subsequent formation of cloud has been referred to in the Vedas. Indian
meteorological concepts thus date back to the age of the Rig Veda.
Dileep Kumar Kanjilal concludes
that: "With the passage of time and due to various changes of catastrophes
the machines went out of use so that the secrets of its make-up and flying were
equally lost. That the discontinuity of technical knowledge of a particular
science within the known period of history is not an impossible factor has been
shown by the inability to explore the nature of the rustless iron
of the pillar of Chandraketu now fixed in Delhi.
Hiuentzang, the Chinese pilgrim in the 7th century A.D. referred to 7 story palaces
of which no evidence now remains. Sir P. C. Roy had shown that
during the period from 1509 B.C. up to the end of the 3rd century B.C.E.
methods for the large scale production of metals like gold, silver, copper,
iron, tin, lead and mercury and of alloys like brass, bronze, and those of gold
and silver with baser materials were known. Large varieties of mineral ores,
gems, and precious stones have been described in detail by Kautilya. Knowledge
of the fermentation process also reached a fairly advanced state. With a highly
developed state of civilization flourishing in art, culture, literature,
history, medicine, alchemy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, astronomy, and
astrology, geology, trade, commerce, shipbuilding, and agriculture it is
natural to think that some sort of flying vehicles as attested by literary
references was in all probability known. From the time of Panini upto the time
of Bhoja we come across references to the great universities of Taxila,
Valabhi, Dhar, Ujjain and Visala
etc. The annals of history inform us that the depredations of the foreign
tribes began as early as the 2nd century A.D. From two centuries later came
succeeding waves of attacks of other foreign hordes like the Arabs, Turks and
Afghans. All the well known universities and other centers of learning like the
temples, the Viharas and the Bhandaras containing books and other priceless
treasures of the Indian heritage had to stand the fire and fury of the
marauders. In the dark firmament of devastation and uncertainty a silver lining
was, however,seen in the efforts of King Bhoja in the 12th century, when he
tried to compile the Sanskrit texts. Glimpses of old heritage survived only
in the memory of the people and in stray literary evidences. State
patronization for Indian Hindu cultural enterprises in the Turk-Afghan/Islamic
period was a misnomer."
The original designation of the flying machine was "Ratha" which
gave way for the term "
Vimana". The Samarangana Sutradhara unequivocally suggested that the
design of the plane was imitated to construct palaces. It was built by the
Rbhus for the Gods. Gods as pointed out by Sayana came from remote space in the
sky above and the obvious conclusion is that Gods as newcomers on the earth
from outer space brought in this technology. The texts of the Rig Veda ranging
from the 1st-10th Manadal refers to aerial flying machines as Ratha. In the
Yajurveda which is considered chronologically later than the Rg Veda followed
by other Brahmanas, the name "Vimanas" occurs. These vehicles were
multi-shaped. But the triangular or quadrangular pattern survived owing to
their practical utility. Puspaka the aerial vehicel survived in use because of
its practical usefulness. In the Vedic texts the configuration of the machines
has been broadly shown as triangular. The inside area as it can be gathered
from the text was about 9 ft X 9 ft. = 81 sq. ft capable of accommodating 7/8
persons. In a triangular delta wing type this can be easily be made conical to
give it greater feasibility and maneuverability.
The
descriptions of the flying aerial cities in the Mahabharata seem to indicate a
higher degree of scientific achievement and technical skill as the flying
cities moved high up above the region of the clouds and very probably in the
exosphere region. We have earliest temple design in a seal of the Harmika-sira temple built by King Hubiska
at Buddha Gaya of the 1st century B.C.E. which is a rectangular based conical
construction. The Virupaksa Temple of Pattakada, of 740 A.D. has a long
rectangular base developed into a tapering square or hectagonal construction
upwards imitate the Trivistapa type. The overall structural similarity of the
temples with a modern helicopter gives overt cognizance to the Samarangana
Sutradhara that temples were designed after the models of the flying machines.
Even the giant Konaraka temple which resembles the chariot of Surya (Sun God)
was of octagonal pattern on large rectangular base measuring 100 ft X 100 ft. X
100 ft. "
(source: Vimana in Ancient India - By Dileep Kumar Kanjilal Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar Calcutta 1985 p. 11-99). For more
information, refer to chapter on Hindu Culture).
For more refer to chapters
on Sanskrit and War in Ancient
India. Also Refer to Vymanika Shashtra - Aeronautical Society of India.
For more on Ramayana,
refer to chapters Glimpses XIX, Hindu Scriptures, Dwaraka, War in Ancient
India, Survarnabhumi andSacred Angkor.
Here is a survey of some fascinating articles and quotes:
"One time while King Citaketu was traveling in outer space on a
brilliantly effulgent airplane given to him by Lord Vishnu, he saw Lord
Siva..." "The arrows released by Lord Siva appeared like fiery beams
emanating from the sun globe and covered the three residential airplanes, which
could then no longer be seen."
Srimad Bhagavatam, Sixth Canto, Part 3.
"The so-called ‘Rama Empire’ of Northern India and Pakistan developed
at least fifteen thousand years ago on the Indian sub-continent and was a
nation of many large, sophisticated cities, many of which are still to be found
in the deserts of Pakistan, northern, and western India. Rama...was ruled by
‘enlightened Priest-Kings’ who governed the cities. The seven greatest capital
cities of Rama were known in classical Hindu texts as ‘The Seven Rishi Cities’.
According to ancient Indian texts, the people had flying machines which were
called ‘vimanas’. The ancient Indian epic describes a vimana as a double- deck,
circular aircraft with portholes and a dome, much as we would imagine a flying
saucer. It flew with the "speed of the wind" and gave forth a
‘melodious sound’. There were at least four different types of vimanas; some
saucer shaped, others like long cylinders (‘cigar shaped airships’)."
(source: D. Hatcher
Childress, "Ancient Indian Aircraft Technology" In The Anti-Gravity
Handbook )
" An aerial chariot, the Pushpaka, conveys many people to the capital
of Ayodhya. The sky is full of stupendous flying-machines, dark as night,but
picked out by lights with a yellowish glare."
- Mahavira of
Bhavabhuti (A Jain text
of the eighth century culled from older texts and traditions)
"The Vedas, ancient Hindu poems, thought to be the oldest of all the
Indian texts, describe vimanas of various shapes and sizes: the
‘ahnihotra-vimana’ with two engines, the ‘elephant-vimana’ with more engines,
and other types named after the kingfisher, ibis and other animals."
(source: D. Hatcher Childress, "Ancient
Indian Aircraft Technology" In The Anti-Gravity Handbook )
"Now Vata’s chariot’s greatness! Breaking goes it, And Thunderous is
its noise, To heaven it touches, Makes light lurid [a red fiery glare], and whirls dust upon
the earth."
Rig-Veda (Vata is the Aryan god of wind).
In the Vedic literature of India, there are many descriptions of
flying machines that are generally called vimanas. These fall into two
categories: (1) manmade craft that resemble airplanes and fly with the aid of
birdlike wings, and (2) unstreamlined structures that fly in a mysterious manner
and are generally not made by human beings. The machines in category (1) are described mainly in medieval,
secular Sanskrit works dealing with architecture, automata, military siege
engines, and other mechanical contrivances. Those in category (2) are described
in ancient works such as the Rg Veda, the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the
Puranas, and they have many features reminiscent of UFOs." "There are
ancient Indian accounts of manmade wooden vehicles that flew with wings in the
manner of modern airplanes. Although these wooden vehicles were also called
vimanas, most vimanas were not at all like airplanes. The more typical vimanas
had flight characteristics resembling those reported for UFOs, and the being
associated with them were said to possess powers similar to those presently
ascribed to UFO entities. An interesting example of a vimana is the flying
machine which Salva, an ancient Indian king, acquired from Maya Danava, an
inhabitant of a planetary system called Taltala."
Richard L. Thompson, Alien Identities
"The cruel Salva had come mounted
on the Saubha chariot that can go anywhere, and from it he killed many valiant
Vrishni youths and evilly devastated all the city parks."
The Mahabharata
There is this account by
the hero Krishna that is suggestive of moremodern weapons. As he takes to the
skies in pursuit of Salva: "His Saubha clung to the sky at a league’s
length...He threw at me rockets, missiles, spears, spikes, battle-axes,
three-bladed javelins, flame-throwers, without pausing....The sky...seemed to
hold a hundred suns, a hundred moons...and a hundred myriad stars. Neither day
nor night could be made out, or the points of compass."
"The
airplane occupied by Salva was very mysterious. It was so extraordinary that
sometimes many airplanes would appear to be in the sky, and sometimes there
were apparently none. Sometimes the plane was visible and sometimes not
visible, and the warriors of the Yadu dynasty were puzzled about the
whereabouts of the peculiar airplane. Sometimes they would see the airplane on
the ground, sometimes flying in the sky, sometimes resting on the peak of a
hill and sometimes floating on the water. The wonderful airplane flew in the
sky like a whirling firebrand - it was not steady even for a moment."
Bhaktivedanta, Swami Prabhupada, Krsna
(Artwork courtesy of The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, Inc. www.krishna.com).
India had a
Superior Civilization
India may have had a superior civilization with possible contacts with
extraterrestrial visitors, and the flying devices called 'Vimanas' described in
ancient Indian texts may underline their possible connections with today's
aerospace technology, an Italian scientist told the World Space Conference here
today. Dr. Roberto Pinotti asked the delegates to examine in detail the Hindu
texts instead of dismissing 'all the Vimana descriptions and traditions as mere
myth.' "The importance of such studies and investigations could prove
to be shocking for today's man because the existence of flying devices beyond
mythology can only be explained with a forgotten superior civilization on
earth," he said. Pointing out that Indian Gods and heroes fought in the
skies using piloted vehicles with terrible weapons.
Dr. Pinotti said theywere similar to
modern jet propelled flying machines. 32 secrets: He said certain descriptions
of the Vimanas seemed 'too detailed and technical in nature to be labeled as
myth.' He cited various texts to show there were 32 secrets relating to the
operation of Vimanas, some of which could be compared to modern day use of
radar, solar energy and photography. Quoting from 'Vymanika Shastra' he said the
ancient flying devices of India were made from special heat absorbing
metals named 'Somaka, Soundalike and Mourthwika.' He said the text also
discussed the seven kinds of mirror and lenses installed aboard for defensive
and offensive uses. The so-called 'Pinjula Mirror' offered a sort of 'visual
shield' preventing the pilots from being blinded by 'evil rays' and the weapon
'Marika' used to shoot enemy aircraft 'does not seem too different from what we
today called laser technology,' he said.
Drawing done in 1923 from the vimana texts.
According to the Italian expert, the
'principles of Page 1 propulsion as far as the descriptions were concerned,
might be defined as electrical and chemical but solar energy was also involved.
For instance, the 'Tripura Vimana' mentioned in 'Vymanika Shastra' was a large
craft operated by 'motive power generated by solar rays,' Dr. Pinotti said,
adding 'its elongated form was surely much closer to that of a modern blimp.'
Sophisticated design: According to Dr. Pinotti, the huge 'Shakuna Vimana'
described in the text 'might be defined as a cross between a plane and a rocket
of our times and its design might remind one of today's space shuttle.'
'Surely, it expresses the most complex and sophisticated aeronautical design
among all the other descriptions of Vimanas mentioned in the 'Vymanika
Shastra,' he said.
He described the author of the treatise 'Vymanika Shastra' as a man 'attempting to
explain an advanced technology.' Dr. Pinotti, who has made an exhaustive study
of the history of Indian astronautics, said another text, Samaraanganasutraadhaara had 230 stanzas devoted
to the principles of building Vimanas and their use in peace and war. He said
ancient Aryans knew the use of the element 'fire' as could be seen from their
'Astra' weapons that included Soposamhara (flame belching missile), Prasvapna
(which caused sleep) and four kinds of Agni Astras that traveled in sheets of
flame and produced thunder. He said the car that was supposed to go up to
Suryamandal (solar system) and the Naksatramandala (stellar system) cannot be
dismissed as a myth because of the 'technical nature' of its description. Dr.
Pinotti said depictions of space travel, total destruction by incredible
weapons and the fact that Vimanas resembled modern unidentified flying objects
would suggest that India had a 'superior but forgotten civilization.' 'In the light of this, we think
it will be better to examine the Hindu texts' and subject the descriptive
models of Vimanas to more scientific scrutiny,' he said.- Jerry W.
Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson - Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
උපුටා ගැනීම- dadumonaraya blog,
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